{ "researchSlug": "sec-ownership-evidence", "title": "SEC Filing Evidence for Billionaire Stock Ownership", "publishedAt": "2026-09-11", "updatedAt": null, "dataAsOf": "2026-09-06", "methodologyReviewedOn": "2026-09-11", "version": "1.0", "selection": { "parentReleaseSlug": "billionaire-public-equity-positions", "statisticallyRepresentative": false }, "summary": { "relationships": 13, "profiles": 12, "companies": 12, "multiSourceRelationships": 4, "singleSourceRelationships": 9, "sourcePatterns": 6, "sourceFamilyRelationships": { "form-3": 3, "form-4": 7, "schedule-13": 4, "proxy-item-403": 2, "filing-history-metadata": 1 }, "evidenceScopes": { "reviewed-filing-position-set": 5, "complete-initial-beneficial-ownership": 3, "partial-incremental-beneficial-ownership": 4, "material-continuity": 1 } }, "sourceFamilies": [ { "id": "form-3", "label": "Form 3", "sampleRelationshipCount": 3, "officialPurpose": "Section 16 initial statement of beneficial ownership when a reporting person becomes an insider.", "studyBoundary": "Useful for the initial ownership position disclosed at the insider event date. It is not, by itself, an ongoing current-position or transaction-history certification." }, { "id": "form-4", "label": "Form 4", "sampleRelationshipCount": 7, "officialPurpose": "Section 16 statement of changes in beneficial ownership, generally reporting insider transactions and security-specific post-transaction balances.", "studyBoundary": "A Form 4 can support the transaction and reported balance it actually contains. One filing does not prove that every security, holder relationship, historical conversion, or later position has been reconstructed." }, { "id": "schedule-13", "label": "Schedule 13D/G", "sampleRelationshipCount": 4, "officialPurpose": "Beneficial-ownership reporting under Exchange Act Sections 13(d) and 13(g) for covered holders of more than five percent of a registered equity class, subject to the applicable filing basis and rules.", "studyBoundary": "The denominator is a security class, and voting/dispositive power, group treatment, disclaimers, and filing eligibility matter. A Schedule 13 percentage is not automatically a companywide economic-ownership percentage." }, { "id": "proxy-item-403", "label": "Proxy beneficial-ownership table", "sampleRelationshipCount": 2, "officialPurpose": "Issuer disclosure of security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management under Item 403 and related proxy rules.", "studyBoundary": "Issuer tables can add class, voting-power, and denominator context, but their dates and person-specific 60-day acquisition rules must remain attached to the observation." }, { "id": "filing-history-metadata", "label": "SEC filing-history metadata", "sampleRelationshipCount": 1, "officialPurpose": "SEC submissions metadata can show whether later filings exist in a reviewed filing family.", "studyBoundary": "Filing-history metadata can support a continuity review but cannot re-observe an exact share count that no later filing states." } ], "relationships": [ { "person": "Mark Zuckerberg", "profilePath": "/billionaires/mark-zuckerberg", "company": "Meta Platforms", "entityId": "meta-platforms", "positionSetId": "mark-zuckerberg-meta-2026-07-31", "positionAsOfDate": "2026-07-31", "evidenceScope": "reviewed-filing-position-set", "sourcePattern": "form-4 + proxy-item-403", "sourceFamilies": [ "form-4", "proxy-item-403" ], "sourceUrls": [ "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1326801/000095010326011908/xslF345X06/ownership.xml", "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1326801/000162828026025532/meta-20260416.htm" ], "interpretation": "The reviewed Meta position combines a later Form 4 security position with the issuer proxy's beneficial-ownership and total-voting-power context. Neither source is silently substituted for the other." }, { "person": "Sergey Brin", "profilePath": "/billionaires/sergey-brin", "company": "Alphabet", "entityId": "alphabet", "positionSetId": "sergey-brin-alphabet-2026-08-07", "positionAsOfDate": "2026-08-07", "evidenceScope": "reviewed-filing-position-set", "sourcePattern": "form-4 + proxy-item-403", "sourceFamilies": [ "form-4", "proxy-item-403" ], "sourceUrls": [ "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000119312526345383/xslF345X06/ownership.xml", "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000130817926000342/goog-20260424.htm" ], "interpretation": "The reviewed Alphabet position combines a Form 4 security position with the issuer proxy's Class B ownership and total-voting-power context while preserving the separate Class A, B, and C security identities." }, { "person": "Elon Musk", "profilePath": "/billionaires/elon-musk", "company": "Tesla", "entityId": "tesla", "positionSetId": "elon-musk-tesla-2026-06-16", "positionAsOfDate": "2026-06-16", "evidenceScope": "reviewed-filing-position-set", "sourcePattern": "schedule-13", "sourceFamilies": [ "schedule-13" ], "sourceUrls": [ "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318605/000110465926075203/xslSCHEDULE_13G_X02/primary_doc.xml" ], "interpretation": "Tesla's reviewed Schedule 13G supplies class-level beneficial-ownership evidence and explicit disclaimer/control treatment for restricted shares; the study preserves those exclusions rather than treating every disclosed share as an included economic holding." }, { "person": "Elon Musk", "profilePath": "/billionaires/elon-musk", "company": "SpaceX", "entityId": "spacex", "positionSetId": "elon-musk-spacex-2026-06-30", "positionAsOfDate": "2026-06-30", "evidenceScope": "reviewed-filing-position-set", "sourcePattern": "schedule-13", "sourceFamilies": [ "schedule-13" ], "sourceUrls": [ "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1181412/000110465926095936/xslSCHEDULE_13G_X02/primary_doc.xml" ], "interpretation": "SpaceX's reviewed Schedule 13G supplies class-level beneficial-ownership evidence across two share classes while separately preserving restricted-share uncertainty." }, { "person": "Warren Buffett", "profilePath": "/billionaires/warren-buffett", "company": "Berkshire Hathaway", "entityId": "berkshire-hathaway", "positionSetId": "warren-buffett-berkshire-2026-07-14", "positionAsOfDate": "2026-07-14", "evidenceScope": "reviewed-filing-position-set", "sourcePattern": "form-4 + schedule-13", "sourceFamilies": [ "form-4", "schedule-13" ], "sourceUrls": [ "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/315090/000119312526304843/xslF345X06/ownership.xml", "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/315090/000119312526304838/xslSCHEDULE_13D_X02/primary_doc.xml" ], "interpretation": "Berkshire's reviewed position uses a Form 4 for security-level holdings and a same-day Schedule 13D amendment for class-ownership and total-voting-power context." }, { "person": "Melinda French Gates", "profilePath": "/billionaires/melinda-french-gates", "company": "Canadian National Railway", "entityId": "canadian-national-railway", "positionSetId": "melinda-french-gates-canadian-national-railway-2024-10-01", "positionAsOfDate": "2024-10-01", "evidenceScope": "material-continuity", "sourcePattern": "schedule-13 + filing-history-metadata", "sourceFamilies": [ "schedule-13", "filing-history-metadata" ], "sourceUrls": [ "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/16868/000095014224002531/primary_doc.xml", "https://data.sec.gov/submissions/CIK0001226523.json" ], "interpretation": "The exact Canadian National Railway share count comes from the 2024 Schedule 13G/A. SEC submissions history was reviewed later only for continuity; it does not re-observe the exact share count in 2026." }, { "person": "David Hoffmann", "profilePath": "/billionaires/david-hoffmann", "company": "Yum China Holdings", "entityId": "yum-china", "positionSetId": "david-hoffmann-yum-china-2026-06-01", "positionAsOfDate": "2026-06-01", "evidenceScope": "partial-incremental-beneficial-ownership", "sourcePattern": "form-4", "sourceFamilies": [ "form-4" ], "sourceUrls": [ "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1553068/000167335826000094/form4.xml" ], "interpretation": "The Form 4 supports the reported Yum China transaction/balance for the disclosed security. The observation is deliberately labeled partial rather than treating one incremental filing as a whole-position history." }, { "person": "Ding Shizhong", "profilePath": "/billionaires/ding-shizhong", "company": "Amer Sports", "entityId": "amer-sports", "positionSetId": "ding-shizhong-amer-sports-2026-03-18", "positionAsOfDate": "2026-03-18", "evidenceScope": "complete-initial-beneficial-ownership", "sourcePattern": "form-3", "sourceFamilies": [ "form-3" ], "sourceUrls": [ "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/2117948/000198889426000012/wk-form3_1773829409.xml" ], "interpretation": "The Form 3 is an initial beneficial-ownership statement and supports the reviewed Amer Sports starting position at the insider event date. It does not certify later continuity." }, { "person": "Suresh Krishna", "profilePath": "/billionaires/suresh-krishna", "company": "Proto Labs", "entityId": "proto-labs", "positionSetId": "suresh-krishna-proto-labs-2026-05-23", "positionAsOfDate": "2026-05-23", "evidenceScope": "partial-incremental-beneficial-ownership", "sourcePattern": "form-4", "sourceFamilies": [ "form-4" ], "sourceUrls": [ "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1488151/000162828026038475/wk-form4_1779913110.xml" ], "interpretation": "The Form 4 supports the reported Proto Labs transaction/balance for the disclosed security. The row remains partial because the release does not reconstruct a complete historical position chain." }, { "person": "Thomas Pritzker", "profilePath": "/billionaires/thomas-pritzker", "company": "Hyatt Hotels", "entityId": "hyatt-hotels", "positionSetId": "thomas-pritzker-hyatt-hotels-2026-05-20", "positionAsOfDate": "2026-05-20", "evidenceScope": "partial-incremental-beneficial-ownership", "sourcePattern": "form-4", "sourceFamilies": [ "form-4" ], "sourceUrls": [ "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1317547/000131754726000001/wk-form4_1779480615.xml" ], "interpretation": "The Form 4 supports the reported Hyatt Class A transaction/balance. It is not promoted into a claim that every Pritzker-related Hyatt ownership form has been reconstructed." }, { "person": "Jerry Yang", "profilePath": "/billionaires/jerry-yang", "company": "Alibaba Group", "entityId": "alibaba-group", "positionSetId": "jerry-yang-alibaba-group-2026-03-18", "positionAsOfDate": "2026-03-18", "evidenceScope": "complete-initial-beneficial-ownership", "sourcePattern": "form-3", "sourceFamilies": [ "form-3" ], "sourceUrls": [ "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1032001/000103200126000003/ownership.xml" ], "interpretation": "The Form 3 supports the reviewed Alibaba initial beneficial-ownership position at the insider event date. It is not an assertion of later unchanged ownership." }, { "person": "Weijian Shan", "profilePath": "/billionaires/weijian-shan", "company": "Alibaba Group", "entityId": "alibaba-group", "positionSetId": "weijian-shan-alibaba-group-2026-03-18", "positionAsOfDate": "2026-03-18", "evidenceScope": "complete-initial-beneficial-ownership", "sourcePattern": "form-3", "sourceFamilies": [ "form-3" ], "sourceUrls": [ "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/2114590/000211459026000003/ownership.xml" ], "interpretation": "The Form 3 supports the reviewed Alibaba initial beneficial-ownership position at the insider event date. It is not an assertion of later unchanged ownership." }, { "person": "Wan Long", "profilePath": "/billionaires/wan-long", "company": "Smithfield Foods", "entityId": "smithfield-foods", "positionSetId": "wan-long-smithfield-foods-2025-09-08", "positionAsOfDate": "2025-09-08", "evidenceScope": "partial-incremental-beneficial-ownership", "sourcePattern": "form-4", "sourceFamilies": [ "form-4" ], "sourceUrls": [ "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/2052304/000121390025086174/ownership.xml" ], "interpretation": "The Form 4 supports the reported Smithfield transaction/balance for the disclosed security. The release does not infer a complete pre- or post-filing ownership history." } ], "methodologySources": [ { "id": "sec-forms-3-4-5-investor-bulletin", "title": "SEC Investor Bulletin: Insider Transactions and Forms 3, 4, and 5", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/forms-3-4-5.pdf", "sourceDate": "2013-02", "role": "official-form-purpose" }, { "id": "sec-insider-transactions-datasets", "title": "SEC Insider Transactions Data Sets", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/whats-new/osd-announcement-081222-form-345-data-sets", "sourceDate": "2024-08-19", "role": "official-section-16-data-context" }, { "id": "sec-13d-g-cfi", "title": "SEC Exchange Act Sections 13(d) and 13(g) and Regulation 13D-G Beneficial Ownership Reporting", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/rules-regulations/staff-guidance/corporation-finance-interpretations/exchange-act-sections-13d-13g-regulation-13d-g-beneficial-ownership-reporting", "sourceDate": "2026-09-02", "role": "official-schedule-13-context" }, { "id": "sec-regulation-sk-item-403", "title": "SEC Regulation S-K Compliance and Disclosure Interpretations — Item 403", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/rules-regulations/staff-guidance/corporation-finance-interpretations/regulation-s-k", "sourceDate": null, "role": "official-proxy-beneficial-ownership-context" } ], "limitations": [ "The 13 relationships are the exact reviewed publication cohort, not a statistically representative sample of billionaires, issuers, or SEC ownership filings.", "Source-family counts overlap. A relationship using Form 4 plus a proxy statement is counted in both source families but remains one relationship.", "A source family's official reporting purpose does not automatically authorize every possible ownership claim from every filing. The actual filing text, security identity, ownership form, footnotes, dates, and issuer-specific denominator rules still control.", "The study classifies the reviewed evidence; it does not perform a new EDGAR completeness search and does not infer that an unlisted source family was absent from the issuer's full filing history.", "No transaction-level ownership-change series is reconstructed. Historical legal-security identity, split/conversion handling, ownership-form continuity, and transaction semantics remain separate publication gates.", "Form 5 is relevant to Section 16 reporting but did not appear in the reviewed source set, so it is discussed as context rather than counted as an observed source family.", "The SEC's February 2013 investor bulletin is educational material rather than a legal interpretation or statement of SEC policy; current filing-specific conclusions continue to rely on the reviewed filings and current SEC rules/guidance." ] }