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Every record below points to a published Grizzly Bulls study. The source kit brings each research question, reviewed universe, key result, primary evidence, dates, public version, preferred citation, canonical URL, and available CSV/JSON downloads together in one place.
17 published studies5 research collectionsPublished September 12, 2026Last changed September 14, 2026
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Ownership & Holdings
What reviewed filings can establish about public-equity ownership, how the evidence reaches the broader billionaire universe, and where ownership form or source coverage changes the answer.
Evidence coverage census · Data through September 6, 2026 · v1.0
Lee Bailey. “Billionaire Public-Equity Ownership Census: What SEC Filings Can Actually Prove About Billionaire Stock Ownership.” Grizzly Bulls, September 8, 2026. Version 1.0. Data snapshot September 6, 2026. https://grizzlybulls.com/research/billionaire-public-equity-ownership-census
Lee Bailey. “Jensen Huang NVIDIA Ownership Snapshot: What the June 17 Form 4 Reported, and What $187 Billion at a September Price Does Not Mean.” Grizzly Bulls, September 9, 2026. Version 1.0. Data snapshot September 4, 2026. https://grizzlybulls.com/research/jensen-huang-nvidia-ownership
Lee Bailey. “Billionaire Public-Equity Positions Dataset: 13 Reviewed SEC Ownership Relationships Across 12 Billionaire Profiles and 12 Companies.” Grizzly Bulls, September 10, 2026. Version 1.0. Data snapshot September 6, 2026. https://grizzlybulls.com/research/billionaire-public-equity-positions
Companywide voting power, how that power changes through time, the legal mechanics behind enhanced-vote structures, and the difference between voting authority and share-count ownership.
Voting-power comparison · Data through July 14, 2026 · v1.0
Lee Bailey. “Billionaire Voting Power: Meta, Alphabet and Berkshire Compared: A 2026 SEC Comparison of Mark Zuckerberg, Sergey Brin and Warren Buffett.” Grizzly Bulls, September 10, 2026. Version 1.0. Data snapshot July 14, 2026. https://grizzlybulls.com/research/billionaire-voting-power
Lee Bailey. “Founder Voting Control at 10 Public Companies: How SEC Disclosures Show 27.4% to 82.4% Founder Voting Power, and Why the Mechanism Matters.” Grizzly Bulls, September 10, 2026. Version 1.0. Data snapshot July 31, 2026. https://grizzlybulls.com/research/founder-voting-control
Lee Bailey. “How Founder Voting Control Changed at 10 Public Companies: Five Founders Gained Voting Power, Four Lost It, and One Was Unchanged Across Reviewed SEC Disclosures.” Grizzly Bulls, September 10, 2026. Version 1.0. Data snapshot July 31, 2026. https://grizzlybulls.com/research/founder-voting-control-change
Lee Bailey. “When Founder Supervoting Rights End at 10 Public Companies: Only Two Reviewed Companies Have a Hard Time-Based Companywide Sunset; the Rest Depend on Founder Events, Thresholds, Transfers or Holder Votes.” Grizzly Bulls, September 11, 2026. Version 1.0. Data snapshot August 26, 2026. https://grizzlybulls.com/research/founder-supervoting-sunsets
Lee Bailey. “Founder Voting Power vs Share Ownership at 9 Public Companies: All Nine Matched Founders Had More Voting Power Than Their Disclosed Share-Count Ownership.” Grizzly Bulls, September 11, 2026. Version 1.0. Data snapshot August 26, 2026. https://grizzlybulls.com/research/founder-voting-vs-ownership
Research about what SEC source families can support, what they cannot support, and why filing presence alone does not make a broader ownership or transaction claim ready to publish.
Evidence methodology study · Data through September 6, 2026 · v1.0
Lee Bailey. “SEC Filing Evidence for Billionaire Stock Ownership: 13 Reviewed Ownership Relationships Required Six Different Evidence Patterns; No Single Filing Type Meant the Same Thing.” Grizzly Bulls, September 11, 2026. Version 1.0. Data snapshot September 6, 2026. https://grizzlybulls.com/research/sec-ownership-evidence
How often did Form 4/5 sale candidates require footnote review, and which recurring semantics dominated candidates blocked only by that gate?
Key result
45,879 of 48,912 sale candidates (93.8%) carried a footnote-review blocker; 6,808 of 7,573 footnote-only cases used weighted-average or price-range language.
Reviewed universe
48,912 non-derivative sale candidates across 513 billionaire profiles
Primary evidence
SEC Forms 4 and 5 non-derivative sale transactions and footnotes
Lee Bailey. “SEC Sale Footnotes Across 48,912 Form 4/5 Candidates: 45,879 Sale Candidates Hit a Footnote Review Gate, and Price-Aggregation Language Dominated the Footnote-Only Cases.” Grizzly Bulls, September 12, 2026. Version 1.0. Data snapshot August 31, 2026. https://grizzlybulls.com/research/sec-sale-footnote-review
Lee Bailey. “SEC Ownership Evidence Funnel Across 20,834 Form 3/4/5 Candidates: Only 1,503 of 20,834 Extracted Position Candidates Were Simple Direct Non-Zero Positions.” Grizzly Bulls, September 12, 2026. Version 1.0. Data snapshot September 10, 2026. https://grizzlybulls.com/research/sec-ownership-evidence-funnel
Research about point-in-time valuation inputs, market-data timing, financial-statement normalization, and the source and capital-structure boundaries required before a valuation output is complete.
Point-in-time valuation-methodology study · Data through September 2, 2026 · v1.0
Lee Bailey. “Historical Market Cap: SEC Share-Count Disclosure Lag Across 21 Companies: A Median 6-Day Gap Separated the Share Date From the Filing Date, a Point-in-Time Trap for Backtests.” Grizzly Bulls, September 11, 2026. Version 1.0. Data snapshot September 2, 2026. https://grizzlybulls.com/research/historical-market-cap-share-count-lag
Do share-count disclosure lags persist within the same issuer across repeated SEC filings?
Key result
Four of five reviewed issuers stayed within a one-day lag band; 13 of 16 observations (81.3%) were disclosed in 5–7 days, while Netflix ranged from 17 to 23 days.
Lee Bailey. “SEC Share-Count Disclosure Cadence Across 16 Filings: Four of Five Reviewed Issuers Stayed Within a 1-Day Lag Band, While Netflix Repeatedly Took 17–23 Days.” Grizzly Bulls, September 11, 2026. Version 1.0. Data snapshot May 20, 2026. https://grizzlybulls.com/research/share-count-disclosure-cadence
How often is complete reviewed net-debt evidence still insufficient for the bounded enterprise-value calculation?
Key result
3 of 9 reviewed companies had EV withheld despite complete net-debt review: 2 for noncontrolling interests and 1 for preferred equity; 6 were compatible.
Reviewed universe
9 reviewed companies with complete current net-debt evidence
Primary evidence
Issuer Forms 10-Q and 10-K financing and balance-sheet disclosures
Lee Bailey. “Enterprise Value Financing Scope Across 9 Reviewed Companies: 3 of 9 Had Enterprise Value Withheld Even After Complete Net-Debt Review.” Grizzly Bulls, September 11, 2026. Version 1.0. Data snapshot September 2, 2026. https://grizzlybulls.com/research/enterprise-value-financing-scope
How much of a 61-company market universe could strict SEC Companyfacts annual normalization cover without generic IFRS mapping, implicit FX conversion, or inferred issuer identity?
Key result
59 of 61 companies (96.7%) normalized under the reviewed 13-metric annual-financials schema; the two remaining cases stopped at a CAD currency-unit boundary and an unresolved issuer-identity boundary.
Reviewed universe
61 configured market companies in the September 3, 2026 measurement
Primary evidence
SEC Companyfacts annual US-GAAP facts and reviewed issuer identity
Lee Bailey. “SEC Companyfacts Annual Financial Coverage Across 61 Companies: 59 of 61 Normalized Under Strict Reviewed Rules; the Remaining Gaps Were Currency and Identity.” Grizzly Bulls, September 12, 2026. Version 1.0. Data snapshot September 3, 2026. https://grizzlybulls.com/research/sec-companyfacts-normalization-coverage
What did the 10-year minus 3-month Treasury spread imply in May 2023 under the maintained New York Fed model, and what was the realized NBER classification twelve months later?
Key result
The May 2023 spread averaged -1.73 percentage points and reconstructs to 71.4% recession probability for May 2024; NBER did not classify that target month as recession as of the study cutoff.
Reviewed universe
22 May 2023 daily T10Y3M observations plus one 12-month target month
Primary evidence
FRED T10Y3M, New York Fed yield-curve model, and NBER business-cycle chronology
Lee Bailey. “Yield Curve Recession Signal: Reconstructing the May 2023 Warning: A -1.73 Percentage-Point Monthly Average Implied 71.4% Recession Probability Twelve Months Ahead; May 2024 Was Not an NBER Recession.” Grizzly Bulls, September 13, 2026. Version 1.0. Data snapshot September 12, 2026. https://grizzlybulls.com/research/yield-curve-recession-signal
How concentrated was the S&P 500 in September 2026, and how much of its weight sat in a conservative company cohort directly tied to AI infrastructure and cloud-platform investment?
Key result
The top 10 security lines were 38.09% of index weight; the conservative AI-linked cohort was 29.46%, or 77.3% of top-10 weight.
Lee Bailey. “S&P 500 AI Concentration: How Much of the Index Is AI-Linked?: The Top 10 Security Lines Were 38.09% of the Index; a Conservative Seven-Company AI-Linked Cohort Was 29.46%.” Grizzly Bulls, September 14, 2026. Version 1.0. Data snapshot September 9, 2026. https://grizzlybulls.com/research/sp500-ai-concentration
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